Transcripts to Leif Karlstrom's audio clips: 1) New Technique to Study Glacial Melting, 31 seconds: We've developed a new technique to study melting of the ice sheet. Melting leads to sea level rise, so it's of great importance to quantify. Techniques of assessing melt rely on very large-scale observation that has lots of errors. So what we've done is use stream channels on the ice surface and their properties to quantify melts. So by studying the pattern of topography we're extracting something about its evolution and the production of meltwater. 2) Land Forms vs. Glacial Settings, 35 seconds: We also found that these supraglacial meltwater channels on the ice sheet have very similar characteristics to stream networks on other parts of the Earth's surface -- bedrock channels that everyone is familiar with, the Willamette, the Columbia. The difference between those settings is the mechanism by which they erode their substrate -- in the terrestrial setting it's bedrock and in the glacial setting it's ice -- is completely different. And yet the evolution of these systems appears to be very similar. It's not something that we expected, but it says something that is fundamental about the transport of water over the Earth's surface.